There Are No Children Here Essay examples - 1767 Words

Alex Kotlowitzs book, There are No Children Here, is a story about two boys, Pharaoh and Lafeyette Rivers growing in the late 1980s in Henry Horner, a housing project in Chicago. The boys try to retain their youth while they see constant gang violence, death of close friends, their brother in jail and their dad struggling with a drug addiction. In Horner, there are two gangs that claim it as their turf, and the Rivers family is constantly ducking from shots of gunfire there. They live in an overcrowded apartment with leaky facets, heating problems and animal carcasses in the basement. The boys mother, LaJoe, tries to keep them away from gangs and violence since her eldest children fell to the harsh reality of the neighborhood.†¦show more content†¦According to this theory, external forces can influence the development of emotions. A child can mature a lot quicker when they are placed in an environment where they have to take care of themselves to survive. When tragedy s truck, Pharaoh didnt want to know. He continued to tell his mother he was too young to comprehend it all, as if he were trying to prolong his childhood (Kotlowitz 216). Both boys did recognized at an early age that death occurs frequently in their neighborhood. They had several friends die and they were reminded of this every time gunfire went off outside the apartment. Pharaoh tried to maintain his childhood the best he could and excelled in school as a coping mechanism. Lafeyette, at thirteen, acted as a parent to fill his mothers role when she was out. The government makes one of the biggest contributions to the welfare of the family by providing financial safety. The problem is that the government fails to show any concern for these families unless it is brought to their attention, and even then nothing is changed. The lack of interest by the housing authorities leads to the neglect of Horner for over fifteen years. The rotting carcasses explained the putrid odor rising from the Riverses toilet. It wasnt aborted fetuses, as LaJoe had though. It was dead animals, the stench of rotting fleshShow MoreRelatedThere Are No Children Here Essay2507 Words   |  11 PagesThere Are No Children Here The book â€Å"There Are No Children Here† follows the life of two young boys, Pharoah and Lafayette as they battle everyday life in the dangerous neighborhood of Henry Horner. Many of the life events of Pharoah and Lafayette’s book â€Å"There are no Children Here† can be tied to lessons in the book of â€Å"Juvenile Delinquency.† Some of the more prominent themes are macro level theories, critical theory of labeling, juvenile justice system, and drugs and gangs. In this book summaryRead MoreThere Are No Children Here2082 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Chicago Slums: The Other America† Children are great imitators. So give them something great to imitate. (Anonymous)† In the 1980 Chicago slums this quote couldn’t be truer. The slums were/are a terrible place for not just children, but everyone to live. The Henry Horner homes in particular are full of death, drugs, and poverty. This may not seem like the greatest place for children to be raised, but for some, they know nothing different. The constant gang trouble, drug trafficking, and hidingRead MoreAnalysis Of There Are No Children Here1160 Words   |  5 PagesJackson Evans Sociology Dr. Wernet 11/4/17 There are no Children Here The book â€Å"There Are No Children Here† by Alex Kotlowitz details the challenges two young boy’s face by being raised in the inner city housing project (Henry Horner Homes). These challenges stem from racism, discrimination, the social construction of reality, social location, social class, and the deviance theory, which is due to their location and influences at which causes many youths to lead a life of crime. The book focusesRead More There Are No Children Here Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesThere Are No Children Here Alex Kotlowitz was a freelance journalist. In 1985 a friend came to him and asked him to write a text for a photo essay he was doing on (children living in poverty) for a Chicago magazine. That is when he met the Rivers brothers, Lafeyette, age ten, and Pharoah age seven. He spent only a few hours with them interviewing for the photo essay. Lafeyette had an impact on Kotlowitz. When asked what he wanted to be, Lafeyette responded with If I grow up, Id like toRead MoreThere Are No Children Here By Kotlowitz Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesIn There Are No Children Here, Kotlowitz describes the experiences of Pharoah and Lafayette to highlight the racist and classist undertones existing within the criminal justice system of Chicago in the late 1980s. This essay will utilize the theory of critical criminology to illustrate the structures of inequality within the criminal justice system and the subsequent marginalization of youth that exists within the Henry Horner community, leadin g to youth deviance and violent crime. Beginning withRead More There are no Children Here Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alex Kotlowitz’s book, There are No Children Here, is a story about two boys, Pharoah and Lafeyette Rivers growing in the late 1980’s in Henry Horner, a housing project in Chicago. The boys try to retain their youth while they see constant gang violence, death of close friends, their brother in jail and their dad struggling with a drug addiction. In Horner, there are two gangs that claim it as their turf, and the Rivers family is constantly ducking from shots of gunfireRead MoreThere Are No Children Here Essays: Style607 Words   |  3 Pages Style of There Are No Children Here There Are No Children Herenbsp; In Kotlowitzs description of the harsh realities of the Chicago projects, three stylistic elements stand out: his precise narration, his bluntness, and his questionable objectivity. These three elements blend to form a unique style that is particularly well-suited for There Are No Children Here. If there is one thing on which critics agree when discussing this book, it is that Kotlowitz is a brilliant narrator. He has aRead MoreThere Are No Children Here - Book Review1651 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review – There Are No Children Here by Alex Kotlowitz Summary There Are No Children Here is a story of the struggles two preteen boys live with while growing up in the projects. From the first pages the scene is set amongst the all too familiar gun fire blazing through the neighborhood. This story is of eleven year old Lafeyette and nine year old Pharoah dealing with the daily fight for survival in inner-city Chicago circa 1987. The boys are living in an apartment at the Henry HornerRead MoreThere Are No Children Here By Alex Kotlowitz Essay1933 Words   |  8 PagesRenee Driver CCJS 454 0101 November 22, 2016 Final Paper There are No Children Here, by Alex Kotlowitz, tells a story about the family of LaJoe and Paul Rivers. The book focuses on Lafayette and Pharaoh, two of the younger children in the family, and their interactions with each other, the neighborhood, their family, their friends, and the police. Following the family over three years shows the importance of neighborhood factors when it comes to crime. According to Sampson and Groves (1989)Read MoreThere Are No Children Here By Alex Kotlowitz Essay1909 Words   |  8 PagesThere Are No Children Here by Alex Kotlowitz tells the harrowing story of the Rivers family and their shocking experiences living in an underserved Chicago public housing project. The story focuses on Lafayette, a middle school aged boy discovering his identity, Pharoah, an elementary school aged boy with high ambition and goals, and their resilient mother LaJoe. Matza’s Techniques of Neutralization discuss how people can create rationalizations to justify d elinquencies and crimes. Specifically applicable

Adult Obesity As A Public Health Issue - 984 Words

This essay aims to discover and analyse adult obesity as a challenging public health issue in England as it has a detrimental effect on the society. The rationale for choosing adult obesity as a public health issue is to comprehend and develop the knowledge of obesity and its impact on individual’s health and wellbeing to better meet the needs of an obese adult in clinical practice. Obesity will be defined, its trends and the biopsychosocial factors that contribute to an individual’s health and wellbeing will be discussed along with the health inequalities. Furthermore, this assignment will highlight relevant policies and legislation aimed at addressing the health risk and needs of an obese adult. Lastly, this essay will explain the role of a nurse in both promoting and assessing of the health requirements of obese adult and then the conclusion will be drawn summarising the key points of the essay. It is crucial to understand what makes a community healthy, as public health is concerned with health promotion of population rather than an individual focus (Department of Health (DOH) 2012). Wanless (2004) defines public health as a â€Å"science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting through the organised effort and informed of the society, organisations, communities and individuals†. It focuses on an entire population addressing the health needs of the population, working in a partnership with an individual, communities, health worker, health agencies andShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Cost For Obesity Essay809 Words   |  4 Pages Trends in Health Care Cost for Obesity The trend of health care costs is still primarily based on treatment and less on prevention. Adult obesity is a significant cause of preventable chronic diseases and one cause of increased health care costs in the United States. The cost of obesity impacts each state and community. Adult obesity can be associated with chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, and some cancers, just to name a few, and account for more than 75 percentRead MorePolicy Priority Issue : The Childhood Obesity Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesPolicy priority issue: The childhood obesity Childhood obesity is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. In 2013, the number of overweight children under the age of five was estimated over 42 million. Childhood obesity can cause premature death and disability in adulthood. Overweight and obese children will grow up to become obese adults and are more likely to develop diseases like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at aRead MoreFighting the Obesity Epidemic in the UK912 Words   |  4 PagesPublic health aims prevention of health problems before they occur and mainly focuses on population rather than individual (Thorbory, 2009). It also helps to improve the health and well being of individuals, communities and the wider population and prevent from mortality and disability (Nursing Times.net, 2013). Prevention such as immunisation and screening, Protection such as safety and protection from abuse and promotion such as health education are the three ma in approaches of public health (RCNRead MoreObesity Is A Complex Process953 Words   |  4 PagesTackling obesity is a complex process that requires a proactive approach and interventions from the individual, society, local authorities, and public health service and partner organisation (PHE 2016f). In response to obesity as a public health issue, the government introduces no of policies, strategy and health campaign to tackle this problem, including Change4life campaign and Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A call to action on obesity in England (Foresight 2007). Chang4life is a public health campaignRead MoreObesity As A Public Health Campaign958 Words   |  4 Pageslocal authorities, and public health service and partner organisation (PHE 2016e). In response to obesity as a public health issue, the government introduces no of polices, strategy and health campaign to tackle this problem, including Change4life campaign and Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A call to action on obesity in England. Chang4life is a public health campaign in England, which started in 2009 supported by the Department of Health to tackle growing problem of obesity. This was the first campaignRead MoreObesity : A Social And Economic Impact On Public Health Policy Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity in Adults: Introduction Obesity is defined as the excessive body fat accumulation that negatively impacts adult health conditions. Overweight and obese BMI is between 25 and 30 and 30. In 2010, obesity is a major public health issue that affects one million overweight adults and 400 million obese worldwide. Obesity is associated with risk factors such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea etc. (Fock Khow, 2013)Read MoreObesity And The Body Weight Ideals1241 Words   |  5 Pagesarbitrary. Obesity to most people globally may be based on societal body weight ideals. Whatever be the definition of obesity any society, the fact remains that, when has a BMI of over twenty nine, health problems begin to pile up. The following data on obesity is quoted from the National Institute of Diabetes and digestive diseases (2012). Adults Age 20 and Older 2 More than two-thirds (68.8 percent) of adults are considered to be overweight or obese. More than one-third (35.7 percent) of adults are consideredRead MoreAdult Obesity : Is The Biggest Public Health Challenges Facing Adult?1449 Words   |  6 Pages Adult Obesity in America Amat Arop Holistic Health Assessment/ NS3321D October 01, 2015 Professor, Jada Adult Obesity in America Obesity is one of the biggest public health challenges facing adult in the United State of America today. Excess weight can lead to a number of debilitating conditions including Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke. Obesity is a rapidly increasing problem. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fact sheet In the last ten years obesityRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1699 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"More than one third of adults and 17% of youth in the United States are obese.† (Carroll et al, 2014) The JAMA study reported that 31.8% of young people were overweight or obese. (Carroll et al, 2014) According to the map from the CDC, the most concentrated region of obesity is in the South. (CDC, September 2014) With the rise of obesity come questions as to why Americans are so unhealthy. What exactly classifies a person as obese? A person is considered obese when they attain a body mass indexRead MoreThe Battle Against Obesity Is A Health Issu e Of Great Importance1237 Words   |  5 PagesFor community and public health nurses alike, the battle against obesity is a health issue of great importance. Obesity is shown to be directly responsible for many of the negative health issues we see today. It contributes to higher risk of having chronic disease and poor health (which will be explained). Obesity is a nationwide epidemic stretching across the whole human development spectrum: from childhood obesity, adolescent obesity and adult obesity. The prevalence of children being overweight

Pepita the Life in the Novel Free Essays

In every novel, there is one character that seems to appeal to almost every reader. That one character seems to be the one who although they perished, they should have made it to the end of the novel. They are the lights in a dark novel, and the energy in a boring one. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepita the Life in the Novel or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Bridge of San Luis Rey, we meet many characters, all of whom have their own value and place in the story line. Yet the one character that did not deserve the same fate as the others was Pepita. Pepita was an orphan girl who was seen in the eyes of the Abbess as having leadership skills. Such a skill would be necessary for her successor. She needed someone who was able to perform all the task that she must now perform, when she could no longer perform them. As a result Pepita was subjected to a kind of molding process. In this process she was assigned to worst task in the orphanage, which taught her administration. She also became a kind of companion for the Abbess, accompaning her on her trips, on which she was educated in the management of women, wards, and how to beg for money. Yet the strangest part of her education was the Abbess’s decision to send her to live with the Marquesa. The Marquesa was a crazy woman who made Pepita’s life even worse then it already was. As her companion Pepita was ignored constantly and lived a life of solitude. Pepita is that life in the novel, she is the only good love that exist in a world of those who either love too much or those who love too little. The Marquesa drove her daughter away, because she loved too much. Although she was able to realize this before she died, it was too late. She was not able to show this newfound love to anyone. In the case of Esteban, he was not able to love anyone else except for Manuel. While Manuel was able to love another, this caused strife between them. When Manuel died he was not able to move on, simply because he only had love for Manuel. Then we have Uncle Pio, another character who loved too much. Uncle Pio had a mindset of his three aims that he simply has to fulfill no matter what happens. This causes him to have a constant longing for the Perichole who satisfies his goals in one shot. He loved her so much, that he wanted to live his life through hers. He did this by becoming a sort of parasite on the Perichole. When he could not longer live off of her because she could not take it anymore, he tried to do it to her son. The Perichole’s son Jaime like Pepita had the true love, but would not be chosen by me, because he was a frail boy who was always sick and had not seen the hardships of life that Pepita had seen. Although he had been through a hard life, it was still not comparable to what Pepita had to go through. Jaime was also very sickly, which probably made him more humble and loved the world around him more. Most people, who have to go through what Pepita went through, end up hating the world and having no more love in their hearts. Yet Pepita was able to still have love in her heart. She was able to even change the heart of the Marquesa, who loved her daughter so much that she drove her away. Her courage is also worth admiring, she did not want to mail the letter to the Abbess, simply because she felt it was not courageous enough. Pepita has a sort of innocence that can only be found in children. All of the other characters have lost their innocence. Pepita also the most potential for becoming the type of person who will want to help others when she gets older. All of the training that the Abbess has given her has not completely failed. She has learned things that will enable her to grow up to become the type of person who others will look up too as a leader and a sort of mother figure. Out of all those that died on the bridge, I would have to say that, Pepita is the most probable one that I would save. How to cite Pepita the Life in the Novel, Essay examples

Discrimination of Asian Americans free essay sample

Thus, in 1917 the acceptance of the Barbour Scholarship for Oriental Women at the University of Michigan was a drastic counter- cultural venture; through it, Asian women were given an invaluable opportunity to obtain a fully funded education at the university so they could return to their home countries with new knowledge and professional skills that would allow them to escape the oppression of their native countries. For centuries, women have been considered subordinate to men, treated as lesser human beings, born only to serve their sexual counterpart.Even in the united States, women did not earn the right to vote until 1 920, and were still treated unequally in the work force and in the society as a whole. In Asia, the perception and treatment of women was no different. From birth, women in Asia were seen as inferior to men. As Katie Curtain describes in Women in China, if a woman gave birth to a daughter and, thus, failed in the task of producing a son to carry on the family name and help support the family financially, she could be cast out of her husbands home, disgraced, and socially ostracizes. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination of Asian Americans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was only her function as a breeder that she attained a tutus in society. In China, women were treated as slaves, forced to have their feet bound in order to restrain them from leaving the home. As Curtain describes, women went through three stages of life: In the first she was under the authority of the father, then under her husband, and finally, if he died, she was subject to her son. Even the symbols of men and women emphasized their social standing. Yin describing women meant dark, evil, and passive, whereas Yang which meant men stood for strong, active, and brave.In Japan, some school-aged girls were taken from their families as in a lave raid, for the purpose of becoming military prostitutes, or comfort women. The schools were used as a source for recruitment, thus dissuading many never to attend school for fear of being taken against their will. Many victims were so young that they had never previously engaged in sexual relations: Like other virgins, Book Sill resisted with all her strength, but was violently deflowered.She ended up covered in blood while screams sounded from the adjoining rooms. As a result Of Confucian ideology, women were excluded from the educational system, and taught how to behave as women ND respectable wives, rather than as self-reliant and independent-thinking individuals. With the collapse of the feudal dynasty, women were eventually permitted to receive an education but only up to the senior level comparable to our high school system today, in which they were taught four subjects: history, geography, arts and natural science.As expressed in Jeanne Visibility and Michele Fielders book Women of the Third World: Imprisoned as they are by their own culture and ignorant of other cultures, the oppression to which women are subjected takes place at every level: their work, their indentation and their r edemption. Through the Barbour Scholarship for Oriental Women at the University of Michigan, women who were oppressed in their native countries were given the ability to overcome their former social standing and receive an unprecedented education.The Barbour Scholarship was established by a University of Michigan alumnus from the class of 1 863, Mr. . Levi Barbour, after observing the lack of educational opportunities for women in Asian countries. In his explanation for creating the scholarship, Mr.. Barbour states: The idea of the Oriental girls scholarship was to bring girls room the Orient, give them Occidental education, and let them take back whatever they find good and assimilate the blessings among the peoples from which they come. These goals promote speculation as to what underlying aims the University had by encouraging the scholars to return home and essentially stimulate Westernizes. In their home countries, as described above, the Barbour Scholars were unable to obtain a high degree of education, much less allowed to become physicians, teachers or other respected professionals. Two Barbour Scholars were previously forced to rues as boys to attend school as there were only boys institutes established in their native countries.To emphasize these womens social standing in Asia, in one instance a woman accepted as a Barbour Scholar came to the University with her feet bound. These drastic instances of inequality occurred more frequently during the early years of the Scholarship, as women from China and Japan were primarily chosen. Bringing these students to the United States in itself was a huge feat for the University of Michigan as anti- minority feelings flourished throughout the nation. Immigrants supplied cheap labor for the work force, thus replacing many higher paid white workers.As whites anger towards immigrants increased, Congress responded with a variety of immigration regulation acts, ensuring whites supremacy and power. In May of 1882, with the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese immigrants were no longer permitted to enter the united St ates for up to ten years. The Act further emphasized the anti- immigrant feeling of the citizens by stating that: The master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring within the United States on such vessel, and land r permit to be landed, any Chinese laborer, from any foreign port of place, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanors, and or conviction. In 1924, the Johnson-Reed Act further excluded Japanese, Indians and other Asians claiming that they were ineligible for citizenship due to their race and unassailable culture. As Mae M. Angina states in her book Impossible Subjects: The nativity of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century comprised a cultural nationalism in which cultural homogeneity more than race superiority was the principle concern. Whites wanted an all-white society, en with white ideas, beliefs and culture. Immigrants brought diversity and change to the United States, and were thus shunned and unwelcome.This national feeling of resentment towards minorities inevitably presented pro blems for the Universe ¶y in their attempts to bring the Barbour Scholarship students into the country and to enter them in the school. Uniform neatly, the venture continued to have difficulty during the World War II as Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps. Over 1 20,000 Japanese Americans, the majority of whom were born in America, were placed in incarceration camps, accused of being disloyal to the United States. General John L. DeWitt of the Western Defense Command in 1943 expressed the national sentiment: A Saps a Jape.There is no way to determine their loyalty. It makes no difference whether he is an American; theoretically he is still a Japanese and you cant change him. The Japanese Women during this time were thus especially susceptible to discrimination at the University as they had come directly from Japan. The national feeling towards minorities throughout the years of the Barbour Scholarship caused unavoidable robbers for the women as they were faced with not only a new culture, but one in which they were not wanted nor accepted.Although facing continual discrimination, the Scholarship continued to flourish, opening up to countries such as India, the Philippines, Korea, and Turkey in the sasss, and Ceylon, Bulgaria, Syria, and Siam (now Thailand) in future decades. As in Japan and China, the women were equally oppressed in these countries. Thus the Scholarship program at the University enabled them to enter fields of study that were previously closed to them. Over the course of thirty-eight years, veer two-hundred-and-eighty-two women from thirteen countries were given scholarships.Many majored in the fields of medicine, education, English and sociology, with women from certain countries favoring specific majors. Of the scholars from India, 42% chose education, as did 33% from Korea; 53% of those from China showed a preference for medicine, and about 38% from Japan enrolled in English. The vast variety of countries represented and the variety of degrees sought by the Barbour Scholarship recipients gave the University an incomparable diversity and advantage over other schools composed of only a few races.Other University students were surrounded with world representatives, allowing them to learn from each other about the rest of the globe and its many cultures. However, competition between the women also became inevitable, as only a limited amount of scholarships were available to the increasing number of applicants. As more and more countries learned about the Scholarship, tension among the girls naturally fluctuated. The women predictably hoped for girls from their native countries to be accepted over women from other countries, thus instituting unavoidable rivalry.In the later years of the Scholarship, those admitted ere mainly graduate students, expected to have received prior undergraduate education. These women came from mainly Christian schools, open only to the select wealthy few, demonstrating the increase of Western influence in their countries. Many of the previous Barbour Scholars were faculty at these newly developed schools. As Carl Rufus declared in The Quarterly Review, this showed how well the Barbour scholars were able to assimilate the benefits made possible by the vision and idealism of the founder of the scholarships. Whereas in their native countries women had been treated as subordinate human beings and their social standing was equivalent to that of a slave, the Barbour Scholarship opened up the world for these women emphasizing a way of life other than just living to serve their husbands and give birth to sons. Exposed to both academic knowledge as well as American culture on a daily basis, Barbour Scholars were able to realize that they were, in fact, equal to men and thus should not be treated as inferiors to their sexual counterparts.This exposure, however, as previously mentioned, might also be construed as a tool for assimilation as these women were expected to return to their native countries upon compl eting heir educational experience preaching Westernizes. As a goal of the Scholarship, women were more apt to be chosen if they were thought most likely to return to their native land. Thus, upon the completion of their education, the Barbour Scholars ventured home with a M. A, Ph. D. , or M. D. And were requested in many cases to enter as leaders in their specialized fields of study. During his sabbatical, Rufus visited previous Barbour Scholars throughout Asia, documenting each womans contributions. Rufus noted his visit to DRP. Ting, the superintendent to the Penning Hospital for omen and children, built largely through her own effort, who was also in charge of the local city orphanage, and the founder of two schools, and a network that took health care directly to the homes of children.In Tension, Rufus also noted that out of six city commissioners, three were previous Barbour Scholars. Like these women, upon returning to their native countries many of the Barbour Scholars worked at a variety of levels and in committees which bettered the lives of women and children, and their societies as a whole. Professor Rufus in The Quarterly Review continued to document mom of the Barbour Scholars accomplishments, emphasizing the extent to which the Scholarship acted as the nourishing water to a seed in spring enabling these women to bloom and flourish.Miss Shareware Gaga served on a number of national committees as secretary of the All-India Womens Conference for Education and Social Reform; Miss Hi-fang Www who ob tained a Ph. D. , was elected President of the Ginning College, became a member of the United Foreign Missionary Conference team, and helped develop the New Life Movement in the organization of women for war relief; and Miss Me-inning Ting received her M. D. ND returned to China as head surgeon, supervising nurse, and director of Penning Womens Hospital and headed the Chinese delegates to the Pan-Pacific Conference in Honolulu.Professor Rufus sums up the importance of the Barbour Scholarship in the University Record stating: The Barbour Scholarships had helped bring Oriental women from suppression to the Chairmanship of a nations political council, from inferiority to recognition in medical and other learned societies. Throughout history, the Lignite States has expressed the ideal of exceptionalness, feeling superior to all other countries, and essentially leveling that the American way is the right and only way.Beginning with Native Americans, and later immigrants, Christian missionaries specifically felt it their duty to educate and bring these inferior, savage people into the light by converting them to Christianity. The Dates Act of 1862 is just one example through which whites encouraged assimilation, by dividing the Native Ame ricans reservations into plots of land, forcing them to farm, and placing their children in Christian schools. Immigrants faced equal pressure to assimilate, especially during the early twentieth century, as Progressives encouraged Western ideology and Christianity to be taught in the schools. Paula Fast notes in her book Outside In: Minorities and the Transformation of American Education: The school was, of course, the great institution of assimilation. Similarly, although the Barbour Scholarships were tremendously successful in educating women from Asian countries, allowing them to overcome the oppression many women still face today, the way in which women were encouraged and, in a sense, required to return home after four years presents the question, Was there an underlying reason theUniversity encouraged this Scholarship, possibly in the hopes of assimilating western ideas and culture across the globe? As previously mentioned, many of the women accepted to receive the Barbour Scholarship in the latter years of its availability came from Christian mission schools and colleges, especially in Japan, reflecting the continuation of the missionaries work to instill Christianity and Western ideology throughout the world. This objective can not be underestimated, nor ignored .In an article entitled Training Chinese Nurses in Western Ways: Among Colleges Great Contributions, the question s further emphasized as it presents the viewpoint that the Western teachings are the best and that essentially it is so nice of the colleges to teach this method rather than any other. Ata meeting in Peeping Rufus noted that it was called to order with songs from the University of Michigan and stories from the committee members experiences while in the States.This transfer of a Western tradition to Asia emphasizes the way in which Westernizes spread in part because of the Barbour Scholarship. Additionally, at the university itself, Barbour Scholars were placed in: womens dormitories, so hat they could benefit by associating with American girls. As expressed above, Barbarous main purpose of the scholarship was to give the women an opportunity to learn, with the expectation that they would return to their native countries, and assimilate the blessings among the peoples from which they come, thus spreading Western knowledge.From this, it is fair to assume that Western exceptionalness was evident in the reasoning for establishing the scholarship, as the terminology assimilate the blessings describes the university and thus the United States as a great benefactor, rather reflecting the view of superiority. This does not take away from the fact that these women were given an invaluable opportunity to receive higher education and a way out of oppression, but it does raise questions about a possible underlying reason the Scholarship was implemented.